Analysis of the Marketing Survey Conducted for AAA-Events Limited Research Paper

Essays on Analysis of the Marketing Survey Conducted for AAA-Events Limited Research Paper The paper â€Å"Analysis of the Marketing Survey Conducted for AAA-Events Limited† is an affecting variant of research paper on marketing. According to Houtkoop-Steenstra (2000), survey interviewing is an important source of data. Likewise, this author says that the state of the survey through flexible interviewing is reliant on standardization. Standardization is important to get more reliable data. This consequently would generate sound synthesis, conclusion, and recommendation.This will be the basic principle that will be adopted in the conduct of a marketing survey for AAA-Events Limited. This is a wedding and private parties company planning to open their office in the Ealing Area, South Ealing Road, London. The feasibility of putting up a market outlet in this populated area will be determined.After the completion of the survey and analysis, the result of this survey will be a very crucial component of the marketing study that this company is conducting. After a thorough analysis, generalizations about the population based on the sample will be conducted. If this survey for AAA-Events limited turned out to be successful, the survey method adopted in this case will be proven to be a powerful tool to determine the market needs in the Ealing area of London.The process of marketing the product or service can be also determined by the survey method. Based on the feedback from the respondents, ample information can be gathered with regards to how to market the products and services. This survey will help in learning more about the target market. Their preferences are crucial in coming up with the more appropriate products or services that this target market needs.It will be difficult for firms like AAA-Events Limited to differentiate their products and services on the basis of functional attributes alone. In this sense, they can simply get insights from the promotional strategies of identical products and services and take advantage of their value. This has resulted in products and services that have become functionally more similar to each other (Phau and Lau, 2000). Consequently, products and services that are only based on the functional attributes have met critical limitations.Analysis of the Marketing Survey Conducted for the AAA-Events LimitedTo conduct a marketing survey for the AAA-Events Unlimited, the current situation in the market on the industry status of private party services and products was analyzed. To determine this, the most logical way employed is through the examination of the perception of the customers on private party company as a result of the promotional efforts of companies under this industry sector.The survey questionnaire for this purpose was designed to obtain data and information which can be used to compare and analyze the respondents’ needs and expectations. The design of the survey questionnaire takes into consideration some theoretical as well as methodological challenges for our cognitiv e research. The methodologies employed in drafting the survey questionnaire include avoidance of sexist bias. Modern researches of today are conscious of this. This study determines the promotional tactics that influence their choice(s).Before drafting the marketing survey questionnaire, extensive research has to be made on the usual or common private party material needs of the people. Research on the promotional tactics that are usually influencing the choice of private party materials should also be conducted to determine the variables that will be tested in the experimentation through a survey method.

Essay on Critique - 2070 Words

Competing Technology Options and Stakeholder Interests for Tracking Freight Railcars in Indian Railways Case Analysis Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador Submitted by: Vanessa Roche Submitted to: Paul Sherren Date: July 29th, 2015 Teaching Case Shirish C Srivastava, Sharat S Mathur, Thompson SH Teo (2009). Journal of Information Technology. Competing technology options and stakeholder interests for tracking freight railcars in Indian Railways. Abstract This case analysis, Competing technology options and stakeholder interests for tracking freight railcars in Indian Railways will focus on alternative analysis on multiple types of technological options for undertaking a pilot project based on time-tested†¦show more content†¦The problem this imposed was manual recording was tedious and stressful for staff and introduced errors in the Freight Operations Systems database causing delays in tracking processes; cost also being a huge downfall. Now in the current day, according to forecasting, the market competiveness has increased substantially in real time shipment, just-in-time inventories, etc with the demands of companies and customers; therefore, the need to track individual freights more accurately to compete with trucks on the improved highways. An increase in freight loading, newer and more efficient methods are required to enhance the utilization of capacity. There are different alternatives suggested in this case analys is to enhance utilization, cut costs, increase accuracy and compete in the market more efficiently. These non-structural alternatives to previous methods (hand recording database), are as follows: EPC Gen2-based RFID systems, Global Positioning System solutions, Optical Character Recognition (OCR)-based systems, and manual hand-held data collection devices integrated with the current Freight Operations System, orShow MoreRelatedInstitutional Critique Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pagessomeone enters an art gallery, they believe they are going to view art, but under the guise of Institutional Critique, this notion often false. Instead of being the traditional art of painting, sculptures, and installations, viewers encounter, in the work of Hans Haacke, Daniel Buren, and Michael Asher in the 1970s, not much to look at, but a lot to think about. In essence, Institutional Critique is a protest against museums/galleries demanding them to view art and art exhibition in new ways, exemplifiedR ead More An Analysis of Solipsism in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of Solipsism in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason My goal is to examine solipsism and discover how Immanuel Kants Transcendental Idealism could be subject to a charge of being solipsistic. Following this, I will briefly review the destructive impact this charge would have on certain of Kant’s positions. After the case for solipsism is made, I intend to describe a possible line of rebuttal from Kant’s perspective that could be made to the charge. The issue of solipsism is intriguingRead MoreKants Philosophy on the Metaphysical World Explained in Critique of Pure Reason1738 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Critique of Pure Reason, philosopher Immanuel Kant aims to thoroughly explain his philosophy of the metaphysical world. Within the Transcendental Aesthetic, Kant focuses on confirming that space and time are a priori intuitions. He provides reasoning and arguments as to why they are transcendentally ideal but empirically real, making space and time subjectively necessary for experiences. Simultaneously, Kant distinguishes space and time from secondary qualities, which belong to our sensesRead MoreSpeech Critique : Critique And Critique782 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech Critique (Self-Critique=2 x 25 Possible Points) (Peer Critique=25 Possible Points) For the process and informative speeches you will view the video of your presentation and critique yourself. Your responses to the questions below will be submitted to the D2L dropbox as a MS Word file by the date designated on the syllabus for each speech. You will use the same questions for your peer critique. When answering questions, answer in complete sentence form, check spelling/grammar, and useRead MoreFeminist Critique And Institutional Critique2079 Words   |  9 Pagesperforming critiques on museums for the ways they are still upholding anachronistic ideals and remain hegemonic, privileged, and patriarchal intuitions in society. This paper will be looking at these issues through the lens of Feminist critique and Institutional critique. This paper will analyse how Feminist art is de-contextualized and commercialized for use in museum spaces eliminating much of its radical meaning, and the limited successes and the failures of Instructional critique. This paperRead MoreK ant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesKant was a period when those barriers in society were removed and people were given the freedom to pursue their own thought. The author of, Interpreting Kant’s Critiques, Karl Ameriks, believes that Kant’s philosophy shows us that commonality can be found between common sense, philosophy, modern science and rationality (Ameriks). In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant’s focus is to determine the boundaries and extent of pure reason. In layman’s terms, he wants to know what reason can establish independentRead MoreCritique And Critique Of Kantian Ethics1812 Words   |  8 PagesColin Rinne PHI 110 Ethics Kant Analysis and Critique 3 November 2014 Examination of Kantian Ethics â€Å"There is no possibility of thinking of anything at all in this world, or even out of it, which can be regarded as good without qualifications, except a good will.† (Kant, pg.7 393). No other thing that may appear good can be unqualifiedly good, as even â€Å"Talents of the mind†¦Gifts of power†¦[Other] qualities†¦Have no intrinsic unconditional worth, but they always presuppose, rather, a good will, whichRead MoreEssay The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant2525 Words   |  11 Pages Criticism is Kants original achievement; it identifies him as one of the greatest thinkers of mankind and as one of the most influential authors in contemporary philosophy. But it is important to understand what Kant means bycriticism, or critique. In a general sense the term refers to a general cultivation of reason by way of the secure path of science (Bxxx). More particularly, its use is not negative, but positive, a fact that finds expression in the famous expression, I have thereforeRead MoreCritique Of Kant1376 Words   |  6 PagesDefining Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and its Relation to the Science of Metaphysics The understanding itself, in regard to representations and objects, is the paramount focus of Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804), Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787). Although there is a manifold of philosophical definitions of what the critique of pure reason is defined as, this essay will assist in alleviating the flux that occurs when comprehending the meaning of Kant’s, Critique of Pure Reason. After reading mostRead MoreQuantitative Critique1662 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative Research Critique: Responsibilities of Public School Nurses Grand Canyon University: NRS433V Quantitative Research Critique: Responsibilities of Public School Nurses Nursing has many roles, allowing for a diverse field to choose from upon graduation. One of those choices is the responsibility of a school nurse and consequently that of the entire population of the public school for which he/she works. School Nurses in New Jersey: A Quantitative Inquiry on Roles and Responsibilities

Julius Caesar Persuasion Essay free essay sample

Soon after the last breaths of one of Rome’s most popular general, Julius Caesar, Antony and Brutus were speaking in front of the people of Rome. Both cunning leaders were nimble in the art of persuasion and manipulation. The beloved leaders used the Ethos, Pathos, and Logos methods of persuasion to sway the crowd to his respective view of the actions of the night and their former general Julius Caesar. Initially the power ethos was used by Brutus to affect the crowds’ ethical standpoint on Julius Caesar. Brutus knew the Plebeians treasured Caesar and he knew that they gave Brutus a similar level of admiration. Brutus used his veneration to make the crowd believe the conspirators were doing the appropriate thing in killing Caesar. Brutus expected the crowd to believe whatever he said because of the respect they have for him. Antony did not use Ethos as a technique to persuade the Plebeians. We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar Persuasion Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another method of persuasion used by Brutus was Logos, or the logical method. Brutus explained why it was only logical for Caesar to be stopped. Brutus portrayed Caesar’s death as a necessary evil. Brutus shows that he too loves Caesar, possibly more than the people, but Caesar has great potential to be a devastating tyrant. Antony uses the Logos to persuade the people as well. Antony uses the Logos method by showing the Romans Caesar’s will. The will persuades the citizens that Caesar cared very much for Rome and it’s citizens Finally the Pathos method of persuasion is used. Brutus uses the Pathos method to manipulate the Plebeians by using rhetorical devices such as the obvious questions that he asks the people in the crowd that are clearly relatable and significant to their general, Julius Caesar. Antony uses the Pathos method to persuade the people as well. When Antony manipulated the Plebeians he showed how great Caesar was by exaggerating Caesar’s positive actions and characteristics. By doing this, Antony tries to show the Plebeians how honorable and victorious Caesar was and how much they used to adore him. In conclusion, two of the most influential Roman leaders manipulated and persuaded their citizens by incredible speech craft. Antony and Brutus combined the powers of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos to persistently sway the crowd at Caesars funeral. In the end, Antony’s handling of the power of Pathos gave his word more weight against Brutus’, thus swaying the crowd’s heart in his favor. The conspirators were no match to the word of the King Antony.

What is Cash an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

What is Cash? Introduction Cash as a transaction medium Cash is frequently associated with money in societies. Indeed it is one of the most common mediums through which goods and services are exchange for. In this respect cash holds an importance to society due to its potential to transfer goods and services. In the forthcoming sections an examination of the role of money in the business environment will be conducted. Need essay sample on "What is Cash?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Role of Money The purchasing power capability of money in the business environment led to the development of a considerable number of procedures in the accounting and finance field. Cash is frequently regarded as the lifeblood of the organisation. Without it the organisation will perish in a few weeks. Cash will affect both the organisation internally and external individuals/entities that are linked with the company. The individuals/entities affected by cash and the influence of such element are described below (Pike et al. 1999, pp 7-8): Customers as already pinpointed in section 1 cash serves as a very common medium through which goods and services are exchange. Therefore the client can conduct a sale with the business through cash. Suppliers it is true that it is common practice that credit terms are set between suppliers and the organization. However, the possibility that the final payment is conducted in cash is still very high. The organization can also perform cash purchases and again cash serves as the medium through which the goods are bought from the supplier. Employees the staff of the organization are paid remuneration at the end of month in line with the employment contract. Cash again serves as a direct or indirect medium that sustains the contract of employment. Indeed in the absence of cash the employee will stop working in the organisation. If the employee is paid directly in cash there is a direct effect. If the employee is paid through a bank automated clearing system, even though the money is electronically transferred to the bank the employee will still eventually withdraw cash to meet the day-to-day expenditure, leading to an indirect effect. Lenders providers of debt finance also initiate transactions with the organisation through cash. In such a stance cash serves as the medium to transfer the loan, which in turn will lead to interest paid in cash and capital repayments paid also in cash. Government cash is also another key player for the Government. The corporate taxation that the Government collects is in the form of cash and any monetary grants that the government provides are also transcribed into cash. Equity Investors the shareholders, which in accordance to the Companies Act 1985 are the legitimate owners of the company also utilise cash to commence transactions with the firm. Whenever share capital is issued, cash is provided by the investors to acquire the shares. The return provided by the company to shareholders, commonly known as dividends is also in the form of cash. As one can noted from the points above, cash is an extremely important element for the organisation. Indeed in Finance, a number of methods have been developed to assess the cash capability of the organisation. For instance the cash conversion cycle equation is utilised by financial analysts to determine the number of days taken by the company to convert the inputs of production into cash flow (Investopedia 2009). More elaborate techniques have been developed in order to control other current assets and thus ensure a sound cash flow. For example, a financial manager keeps a keen eye to ensure that not a lot of money is tied up in stock. If the organisation keeps high levels of stock, there is the risk of cash problems, because substantial money is tied up in stock. In these respect methods like the Economic Order Quantity has been developed to keep a good balance of cash (Pike et al. 1999, p 401). Companies like Toyota have gone further to diminish the burden of stock on cash by developing techniques like Just-in-Time Inventory (Lucey 2003, p 578). Particular attention is also devoted to the credit terms provided to debtors and granted from creditors in order to ensure a sound cash balance. Indeed large organisations develop a Credit Control Department who holds the Reporting of Money to External Users At this stage one can understand the importance of cash for the organisation. In this respect management hold the responsibility to report in a true and fair view the cash flow of the organisation. In fact one can find the Cash Flow Statement as an integral part of the financial statements in line with applicable standards (IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements 2000, p 82). The Cash Flow Statements is a statement that outlines the cash movements during a particular time frame, classified between operating, investing and financing activities (Weetman 2003, pp 183-184) . Such statement will be examined carefully by interested users in order to evaluate their economic decisions and thus enhance good cash in their pockets. References: IAS 1- Presentation of Financial Statements (2000). International Accounting Standards. London: International Accounting Standards Committee. Investopedia (2009). Cash Conversion Cycle (on line). Available from: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashconversioncycle.asp (Accessed 13th April 2009). Lucey T. (2003). Management Accounting. Fifth Edition. London: Continuum. Pike R. and Neale B. (1999). Corporate Finance and Investments. Third Edition. London: Prentice Hall. Weetman P. (2003). Financial and Management Accounting. Third Edition. London: Prentice Hall.

WWII essays

WWII essays World War II was basically caused by the rise of totalitarian, militaristic regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan, which resulted partially from the Great Depression that plagued the world in the early 1930s and from the conditions created by the peace settlements following World War I. After WWI, Germany, Italy and Japan were anxious to regain or increase their power; all three adopted forms of dictatorship, such as socialism and facism, which made the state supreme and called for expansion at the expense of neighboring countries. These three countries also set themselves up as fighters of communism, which made Western democracies more tolerant of their early actions. In addition, the democracies were so eager for peace that they did not adequately prepare their militaries. Finally, the League of Nations, which was weak from the start by the defection of the United States, was unable to promote disarmament. Basically, the drawn-out economic depression sharpened national rivalries, increased fear and distrust, and made countries susceptible to the promises of demagogues. The League of Nation's failure to stop the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1931 was followed by an increase of treaty violations and acts of aggression. Adolf Hitler came into power in 1933 in Germany, redeveloped the German army and prepared it for a war of conquest. In 1936, Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland. Benito Mussolini conquered Ethiopia for Italy; and from 1936 to 1939 the Spanish civil war carried on, with Germany and Italy assisting the fascist forces of Francisco Franco to victory. In 1938, Germany annexed Austria. Shortly after, the British and French policy of appeasement toward the Axis reached its peak with the sacrifice of much of Czechoslovakia to In 1939, Germany occupied all of Czechoslovakia, and Italy seized Albania. AT this point, Great Britain and France abandoned their policy of ...

Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives

Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives By Maeve Maddox Sometimes the best way to deal with conundrums of jointly owned possessions is to retreat and rewrite, especially when one of the owners is represented by a pronoun. When the owners are named, the rule is straightforward enough: When two nouns are used to indicate common ownership, the sign of possession is placed after the second noun: â€Å"This is a picture of John and Mary’s house.† (two people own one house) When two nouns are used to show separate ownership, add the sign of possession to both nouns: â€Å"John’s and Mary’s cars are in the garage.† (two people, separate cars) These rules work with multiple owners, as long as they are all mentioned by name: â€Å"This is a picture of Sam and Jill and John and Mary’s time-share cottage.† (All four have joint ownership of the cottage.) â€Å"Sam’s, Jill’s, John’s, and Mary’s boats are tied to the dock.† (four separate owners of four separate boats) Once we try to replace a name with a pronoun/possessive adjective, however, things start getting uncomfortable. Refresher: Possessive adjectives are pronoun forms that indicate possession; they do not stand for nouns, but stand in front of nouns, like adjectives: my house /our house your house his house, her house, its house/ their house If we change â€Å"This is a picture of John and Mary’s house† to â€Å"This is a picture of John and her house,† we invite ambiguity. Is it a picture of a house belonging to John and Mary, or a picture of John standing by some woman’s house? The usual way an English speaker would get round the problem would be to say â€Å"This is a picture of John’s and her house.† But this would break the rule that reserves the mark of possession for the last partner in the joint construction, although few speakers would fret about it. It’s when pronouns replace both nouns in a joint possession that rewriting the sentence altogether is called for. The following examples were taken from the media: The Chancellor will talk about he and his wife’s relationship. The body was found in her car at she and Kidd’s home in Harrison. The first example is from TV. The use of he is completely out of the ballpark because he is a personal pronoun, not a possessive adjective. We don’t say, â€Å"he wife† or â€Å"he relationship.† The announcer could have avoided the problem by rephrasing the thought as â€Å"The Chancellor will talk about his relationship with his wife,† or â€Å"The Chancellor will talk about his marriage.† The second example is from a news item about a man named Kidd who was suspected of killing his wife. Kidd’s wife had a different surname, a fact that apparently bothered the editor who changed the reporter’s original copy from â€Å"The woman’s body was found in her car at their home in Harrison† to â€Å"The body was found in her car at she and Kidd’s home in Harrison.† As with the first example, a personal pronoun is being used in place of a possessive adjective. We can talk about â€Å"her home,† but not â€Å"she home.† Explaining joint possession can be tricky. Take time to rephrase. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101How Long Should a Paragraph Be?Particular vs. Specific

Outsourcing - Joint venture, Nearshore, back source and switch vendor Essay

Outsourcing - Joint venture, Nearshore, back source and switch vendor - Essay Example In fact, Whitten and Leidner point out that outsourcing can determine the â€Å"product quality, service quality, relationship quality and the switching costs† of a company’s products (2006). As such, outsourcing is generally an important strategy that can determine the success of an organization. Essentially, due to the development or organizational skills and technological developments, the competition among organizations has increased significantly. To avoid losses, many companies have opted to enter in to contracts and partnerships through the act of outsourcing. Generally, to enter these contracts, there are various costs that each organization has to cater for. These costs generally arise due to the payments made in respect to offshore government policies, agreements and negotiations as well as legal aspect matters among others. Notably important, in many instances, the costs of the partnership contract will be lower in huge and established corporations such as GlobShop, and higher in smaller organizations. Generally speaking, established organizations such as GlobShop are usually offered better investment programs and incentives as compared to the less established ones. Equally important, the monitoring and evaluation of performance in any organization helps in the acknowledgement of ambiguities that may lead to failure of the outsourcing. To ensure that an outsourcing venture is successful, organizations should consistently conduct meetings to discuss and review the set goals and targets. These meetings will also ensure that the organizations keep a consistent work towards attaining specific objectives thus enabling employees and managers to consistently keep track of their performance. Furthermore, joint venture outsourcing enables the organizations under partnership to increase returns and reduce costs significantly. However, lack of

Electrification transforms city life. (1880) Research Paper

Electrification transforms city life. (1880) - Research Paper Example Electric powered street cars became developed, and electric trolleys in the 1880’s, made it possible for the rich and those in the middle class, to move smoothly in the newly constructed rail lines and trolleys. These trolleys allowed people to move smoothly from the business districts to their residential neighborhoods. This led to expanded and increased city limits and suburbs became developed. The developed suburbs allowed the wealthy families enjoy their privacy and ownership of their homes without sacrificing the excitement of the city.2 The introduction of the modern convenience and the vast technological marvels, such as indoor plumbing, telephone and the famous Brooklyn Bridge provided an appealing aura that attracted thousands of people to the city. Cities grew upwards and outwards. The tallest building in the US was the Trinity Church in New York before the invention of electricity. This got overtaken later by the New York World building, a 26 storey building. The growing size of the office buildings showed the healthy and vibrant growing economy. All businesses, steel mills and factories experienced an increase in their profits.3 The invention of electricity in turn saw the arrival of new technologies. These technologies enabled the constructions of buildings taller and bigger than before. The newly built sky scrapers needed elevators to transport people. In 1870’s, six storey buildings used steam powered elevators that became characterized by cables that got wound around a gigantic rotating drum. These elevators were not appropriate for taller buildings, because the drums would have to be abnormally large. During the 1880’s, with the invention of electricity, the invented electric elevator provided a more practical and suitable solution.1 The built tall buildings needed ventilation systems to cool them during the summer period and heat them during the winter. The ventilation systems adopted in the 1860’s, required steam powered

Ib Economics Commentary 1 - Microeconomics Essay Example for Free

Ib Economics Commentary 1 Microeconomics Essay Rebecca Bundhun, (October 19, 2012) Cost of summer getaways hit as air ticket prices rise, The National, http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/tourism/cost-of-summer-getaways-hit-as-air-ticket-prices-rise The cost of an airline ticket can fluctuate tremendously based on a number of factors. The goal of airlines is to maximize their capacity by having the greatest number of passengers on all trips. This may however be difficult, as airlines pricing is not only dictated by their own operating costs and profit margins required but they have to consider complementary items that could have an effect on supply and demand for their product. By definition, demand theory explains the inverse relationship between quantity and price. This law explains that if the quantity available of a product or service wanted by the public is low, the price for that product or service will be high. As demand for a product or service increases, the price will increase. This law is critical as we are able to predict prices based on the demand of a product. In the case of airlines, they are able to predict that prices for their services will go up during the high travel months. People are willing to pay more for travel during the summer months, as they know that supply is limited and their available time is defined by their vacation schedules. If we were to graph this scenario, we would find that price and quantity relationship creates a maximum efficiency point called equilibrium point. The equilibrium point tells us the best combination of price and quantity. With the graph below, we can illustrate that some travelers will be forced to cancel their travel plans due to high ticket costs, just as we can identify travelers that will have to fly no matter what the cost of the fare is. However what economists tend to focus on is trying to find an equilibrium point between price and quantity. As we know, airlines provide a service to clients by connecting passengers to desired destinations worldwide. Although prices tend to be set by supply and demand, they are also exposed to externalities. An externality occurs when the actions of consumers or producers give rise to positive or negative side effects on other people, who are not part of these actions and whose interests are not taken into consideration. A perfect example of a negative externality is the rise of jet fuel. As a barrel of oil rises, the price of jet fuel also rises and consequently the price of an airline ticket also rises. Externalities can create a positive or negative demand or effect on a product or service. Price elasticity of demand is a term that helps us understand the measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price. In general, if there is a large responsiveness of the quantity demanded, the demand is referred to as being elastic, if there is a small responsiveness, demand is inelastic. Airlines take advantage of the existence of inelasticity. Mr. D’Souza states in the article, â€Å"People are still flying. People traditionally plan these breaks, and regardless of the price, they fly. The demand is very, very high.† On the contrary, airlines understand price elasticity and use this well. They know that fare prices can be considered both elastic and inelastic based on the circumstance the traveler finds themselves in. Airlines study their client base, their competitors, and use patterns to predict the behavior of clients based on the condition. They know the probabilities of travelers changing to an alternative airline if their price rises, if they modify their routes, but most of all, they use price elasticity to predict the success of promotions offered by themselves or any other competitor. Airlines want to lure business by creating special values and convince unplanned tourists to take the trip. Say an average ticket price from Dallas to Las Vegas is $550.00; airlines will create a promotional price and may offer the same route for $199.00. Since the price is so low, people will often forget that they are taking an unplanned trip and will justify the trip by thinking about the cost savings realized and not of the unplanned expense. The demand curve below shows how changes in price lead to changes in the quantity demanded. Although airline tickets are considered elastic and inelastic, most economists consider it elastic unless travel is done for business use. Domestic airline travel can be substituted by bus transportation, automobile, train etc. Airline travel is elastic especially as the person’s income increases so their opportunity for travel increases and they will be more likely to afford the variation in cost.

EMTs and EMS Stress Management :: Emergency Medical Services

In a perfect world, violence, plane crashes floods and other disasters would not occur. Disease and illness would be non-existent. Emergency medical services would not have a basis for fruition. Unfortunately, the world is not perfect place. EMT's and other EMS workers are vital to all societies globally. According to the American College of Emergency Physicians, the definition of an emergency services is, " Emergency services are those health care services provided to evaluate and treat medical conditions of recent onset and severity that would lead a prudent layperson, possessing an average knowledge of medicine and health, to believe that urgent and/ or unscheduled medical care is required." The following pages will illustrate the struggles of an emergency medical technician and other emergency medical service workers. Deciding to become apart of an EMS workforce is a life changing decision. One must take into consideration many factors that may hamper one's effort to perform the job correctly. Violence against emergency workers continues to emerge (Anderson 1991). In recent years, EMT's and EMS workers have become targets in urban areas. EMS workers enter urban war zones daily and face many man made dangers. One peril an EMT may face is the continuing growth of gangs. Gangs have branched out from big cities into smaller towns (Staten 1991). Frequently, EMS responders are attacked without provocation. In most cases, the EMS workers are responding to a call when they are ambushed by a variety of things. It has been documented by the Emergency Net New Service that fire bombings on EMS workers and their vehicles have increased in at least ten major U.S. cities (Staten 1995). In addition, EMT's and EMS workers are faced with the dangers of driving into already volatile situations. For example, after the Rodney King verdict, cities such as Los Angeles, California and Atlanta Georgia erupted into massive riots. EMS responders were thrust into physical danger. Both cities were set afire and gangs of people rushed to loot local stores (Feiner 10). EMT's and other EMS personnel put their lives in direct jeopardy to perform their jobs. Besides rioting and gang violence, EMS personnel are often faced with other more maniacal acts of violence, such as domestic terrorism. The most gruesome example of this is the case of the bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The direct targets for this disaster were the civil servants that worked in the building.

Constitutionalism in England in the 17th Century Essay

Analyze the development of Constitutionalism in England during the 17th century. England’s lengthy history of hereditary monarchs and abusive absolutists has led to the system of constitutionalism in 17th century English government. The encouragement of these absolutism practices triggered the need to search for a new way to govern. The reigns of the Stuart monarchy led to the shift from absolutism to constitutionalism during 17th century England. After witnessing the success of Louis XIV’s of France establishment of absolutism, England would soon see that James I, and his son Charles I, will fail at establishing absolutism in England and see a constitutional government established. After the death of Elizabeth I, the last of the Tudor dynasty, in 1603, James VI of Scotland rose to power as James I of England. James I was not used to having to rule with Parliament, therefore he did not get along with them. Since James I was also King of Scotland, he went to great length s to make an attempt at bringing Scotland and England as close to union as he could. His anger towards Parliament’s refusal of associating with Scotland financially was only the beginning of his problems with English Parliament. In 1618, the Thirty Years War broke out. England participated in this war until internal and financial problems drove them to cease their involvement in European affairs. The â€Å"Addled Parliament† also met during the reign of James I. The â€Å"Addled Parliament† was named that because of its ineffectiveness, it lasted only a few weeks and no real progress came out of its assembly. When King James I passed away, Charles I was the successor as King of England. Charles I married Henrietta Maria, the Catholic sister of King Louis XIII, this aroused suspicion of his religious preferences. Moreover, the efforts of Charles and the archbishop, William Laud, to impose the Anglican Book of Common Prayer upon England and Scotland triggered anger of the Puritans and rebellions by the Scots. Parliament signed a Petition of Right in 1628, which declared that thing king could not impose taxes without Parliament’s consent, the quartering of soldiers in private houses, arbitrary imprisonment, and the declaration of martial law in peacetime. Charles I originally accepted this petition but eventually failed to carry out this agreement because it limited his power. Charles soon decided that since he could not work with Parliament he would not call them to meet. Charles practiced personal rule for eleven years, which forced him to find ways to  collect taxes without the support and approval of Parliament. An example of these taxes is ship money, a tax on seacoast towns to pay for the defense of the coast. Charles I also raised funds with the Act of Revocation in 1625, which revoked all land gifted to nobility from the church or royal family since 1540. Continued ownership was subject to an annual rent. Eventually, Charles I could not rule any longer without the help of Parliament, hence the beginning of Long Parliament in 1640. During Long Parliament, Parliament passed the Triennial Act, forcing Charles I to call them to session at least once every three years. Also, in 1641, Parliament presents The Grand Remonstrance, wh ich was a demand for political and church reform. The Grand Remonstrance ordered Charles to stop the ship money tax inland, abolish and demolish the Star Chamber, and requesting that English Common Law have power over the king. This irritates Charles to the point that he declares some members of Parliament â€Å"outlaws†, one of them being Oliver Cromwell. The accused members flee Parliament and begin to plot against Charles I, hence the beginning of the English Civil War. The success of Parliament during the first phase of the English Civil War can be attributed to Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army. This army consisted of radical Puritans and Independents, who believed they were fighting for God. Cromwell was one of the Independents. The first phase of the war was ended with capture of Charles I. Blinded by his belief in divine right, Charles took advantage Parliament’s troubles and decided to flee to the Scots for protection. The Rump Parliament now accused the king of treason saying that he had acted as a tyrant, traitor, murder, and a public enemy to the good people of the nation. Charles was beheaded for his actions in 1649 and his attempt at absolutism was put an end. This was a great achievement in the rise of absolutism, as Parliament continued to gain more power in England with every passing monarchy. After the death of Charles I, his son Charles II rose to power (during the civil war). The Roundheads, supporters of Parliament, we re victorious by the end of the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England and held all executive power; legislative power was given to Parliament. Cromwell came to find that it was difficult to work with Parliament, even more so when members debated his authority. Six years after the death of Charles I, who Cromwell fought so hard to eliminate, Cromwell himself had done the exact same thing as  Charles; demolish Parliament. After the death of Cromwell in 1658, England was damaged by all the change and turmoil that had occurred. This left Europe wanting to go back to tradition. Parliament kept the power that it had gained back and it played a big role in the government by not allowing taxes without its consent. Since Cromwell did not leave an heir to the throne, Parliament allowed Charles II to return from exile and take power. This is the beginning of a period known as â€Å"The Restoration†. The moral lesson that was taken from the English Civil War was, â€Å"Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament.† Shortly into Charles II’s reign, the â€Å"Cavalier† Parliament was called to session. It was filled with Royalists, supporters of Charles I & II during the English Civil War. During this session, Parliament disbanded the Puritan army, while pardoning most of the Puritan rebels. They also restored the authority of the Anglican Church b y enforcing the Clarendon Code. The Clarendon Code contained the Act of Uniformity, which stated that all clergy and church officials had to conform to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. It also forbade ‘non-conformists’ from worshipping publically, teaching their faith, or attending English universities. Even though he permitted the Clarendon Code, Charles II favored religious tolerance. In 1672, he declared the Act of Indulgence, which suspended all laws against Catholics. Parliament, not able to get the king to recant the Act of Indulgence, passed the Test Act, which only allowed members of the Anglican Church to hold military or civil offices. Charles later dismissed Parliament and relied on the French to finance his rule. When Charles II died, the threat of Catholicism grew larger for Parliament when Charles’s brother, James II, a strong catholic, took the throne. The ascension of James II to throne essentially meant a new constitutional crisis was at hand for England. James II’s attempt to make Catholicism the primary religion in England once again created conflict between the monarch and Parliament over religion. James issued another Declaration of Indulgence allowing Catholics the right to hold offices, contrary to the Test Act. When James’ second wife, a strong Catholic, became pregnant, Parliament’s outrage could no longer be calmed. A group of members from Parliament invited William of Orange, husband of James’s protestant daughter Mary, to invade England and take to throne. While William and Mary raised an army to invade England, James, his  wife, and infant son fled to France, living the rest of their lives under the protection of James’s cousin, Lou is XIV. The Glorious Revolution had occurred in England not over what form of government it would have, but rather who the monarchy would be. In 1689, Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary, who accepted with the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights eliminated absolutism in England forever, making it impossible for the king to oppose Parliament or do without Parliament’s approval. In the Bill of Rights, the people were given rights to petition, to bear arms, and the right to trial by a jury. The Bill of Rights established a government based on the rule of law, where no one was above the law including the king. This laid the foundations of a solid constitutional monarchy. The theory of divine right was now rejected in England, and the power to rule came from Parliament and the people, not God. The rise of constitutionalism can be greatly contributed to the foolishness of the monarchies that believed in absolutism and divine right of kings. These absolutist monarchs virtually destroyed themselves by ruling greedily and were more power-hungry than they could handle. The acts and counter-acts that were exchanged between the monarchs and Parliament set the stage for civil war. The victory of the Parliament a fter the English Civil War generated the superiority of constitutionalism in 17th century England.

Show Some Respect

Show Some Respect Michel de Montaigne once said, â€Å"There is, nevertheless, a certain respect and a general duty of humanity that ties us, not only to beasts that have life and sense, but even to trees and plants† (Foglia). Respect is the catalyst in the formation of a stepping stone on the path through the forest of life, creating bonds with all living creatures along the way. It is through respect that the other six of the seven teachings are formed. Instilled in the youth of my time, or at least in my family, is to always be respectful towards all elders. This is something that today’s youth has let fade into the past.It is heart wrenching to see elders being bad mouthed, ignored, and treated so cruelly. I was always taught to listen to what my elders were offering me in advice, even if I didn’t want it. I never once dared to talk back. If you respect your elders, take the time to listen. You’ll be truly inspired as you hear their stories of long ago . Elders hold so much wisdom of the past, we can learn from them on how to better our future as people and caretakers of mother earth. Croaker 2 That being said, respect can also be defined in how we treat Mother Earth. Taking the time to recycle is one way of showing respect to her.It’s really sad to see all the garbage being buried beneath her surface. Mother Earth is not a dumping ground, she’s a birthing ground. Every spring she gives birth to new life to shed more beauty upon us. From the first flower breaking the surface to the greening of the trees. She welcomes in not only the human births, but the births of animals as well. That alone deserves the utmost respect, so let’s do our part and keep her clean. â€Å"Respect yourself and take good care of yourself† (Using the Seven Traditional Teachings to Raise Healthy Anishinaabe Children 18).This is the first step in defining what respect is. How do you treat yourself? Do you ask for help when you nee d it or do you proceed alone? Questions purposely left unanswered because it’s too hard to face the fact that they lost respect for themselves. People are constantly disrespecting their bodies by abusing drugs and alcohol. Maybe that’s why most won’t look in the mirror. They are too afraid they won’t like what they see because they lost all respect for their spirit to thrive. Because of this I see the pain emanating from the eyes of our precious elders as they watch our youth commit cultural genocide.Mashkode-bizhiki, translated into English from the Ojibwe language means buffalo. I do not know exactly why our people chose this animal to represent respect in the seven teachings. However, I believe their paths have been intertwined with the Anishinaabe people because together they endured the tests of time. They had to go survive harsh winter conditions without the luxury of electricity to keep them warm at night. They were also slaughtered senselessly by Croaker 3 the white man as they took their lands from them. Here we are today, still standing strong but fewer in numbers just like the mashkode-bizhiki.If the path through the forest of life was marked with stones that represented each one of our sacred seven teachings, the stone of respect would begin the path. The next teachings would then follow. Because, respect forms all other teachings that assists in the formation of bonds with all living creatures as well. Works Cited: Foglia, Marc. â€Å"Michel De Montaigne. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 18 Aug 2004. Web. 21 Jan 2013. . â€Å"Using the Seven Teachings to Raise Healthy Anishinaabe Children. † Booklet. 18. print

being a best friend essays

being a best friend essays Part of being a best friend is listening. Often friends seek advice or words to comfort him or her, but sometimes not saying anything shows the mark of a best friend. By discarding lengthy speeches and simply listening attentively, I can truly focus on my friend. Actively watching for subtle changes in emotion, flickers of internal thought, and facial expressions allows me to delve into my friends situation. I simply allow myself to be infused by his or her story, whether it is a tale of a major success or heavy burden he or she needs to let out. It is then when apathy consumes me and I can try to feel what they are going through. Recently my friend Andy gave birth to her first child. The pregnancy was unintentional and her life has been completely altered. One night we were hanging out, just to shoot the breeze, but listening to her voice I heard submerged anguish and confusion. With that phrase she broke down and told me how utterly scared she was. Her babys father had abandoned her and the young infant, she had to quite school, she felt alone. I sat there in silence. At the moment I wanted to kick myself for not knowing what to say. Nothing came to mind that could help her, I felt helpless and useless. Andy, however, didnt need a quick fix, an easy solution. She just had to let it go all her worries and tattered emotions. Later I realized that even if I had been the smartest person in the world, nothing I could have said would have made things better for her. I just listened. My hushed concern was all that she needed, and she did feel relieved afterwards. I know now that expressing interest in a friends condition doesnt always require the right words, and by simply listening to someone speak, I can be a great friend. Laughing together is a major facet of being a best friend. To friends I am part comedian, part circus entertainer, and all toget ...

How a School Administrator Becomes an Effective Leader

How a School Administrator Becomes an Effective Leader Great leadership is the key to success in any school. The best schools will have an effective school leader or group of leaders. Leadership not only sets the stage for long-term achievement, but it ensures that there will be sustainability long after theyre gone. In a school setting, a leader must be multifaceted as they deal with other administrators, teachers, support staff, students, and parents on a daily basis. This is not an easy job, but many administrators are experts at leading the various subgroups. They can effectively work with and support every person at the school. How does a school administrator become an effective school leader? There is not a single answer to this question but a blend of qualities and characteristics that yield an effective leader. An administrators actions over the course of time also help them to become a true school leader. Lead by Example A leader understands that others are continuously watching what they are doing and how they respond to certain situations. They arrive early and stay late. A leader remains calm in times where there may be chaos. A leader volunteers to help and assist in areas where they are needed. They carry themselves inside and outside of the school with professionalism and dignity. They do their best to make informed decisions that will benefit their school. They can admit when a mistake is made. Have a Shared Vision A leader has a continuous vision for improvement that guides how they operate. They are never satisfied and always believe they can do more. They are passionate about what they do. They are able to get those around them to buy into their vision and to become as enthusiastic about it as they are. A leader is not afraid to expand or to scale back their vision when appropriate. They actively seek input from those around them. A leader has both a short-term vision to meet immediate needs, and a long-term vision to meet future needs. Be Well Respected A leader understands that respect is something that is earned naturally over time. They do not force others around them to respect them. Instead, they earn others respect by giving respect. Leaders give others around them the opportunities to be their best. Highly respected leaders may not always be agreed with, but people almost always listen to them. Be a Problem Solver School administrators face unique situations every day. This ensures that the job is never boring. A leader is an efficient problem solver. They are able to find effective solutions that benefit all parties involved. They are not afraid to think outside the box. They understand that each situation is unique and that there is not a cookie-cutter approach to how to do things. A leader finds a way to make things happen when no one believes that it can be done. An Effective School Leader Is Selfless A leader puts others first. They make humble decisions that may not necessarily benefit themselves, but instead is the best decision for the majority. These decisions may instead make their job increasingly difficult. A leader sacrifices personal time to help where and when they are needed. They are not worried about how they look as long as it is benefiting their school or school community. Be an Exceptional Listener A leader has an open door policy. They do not dismiss anyone that feels that they need to talk to them. They listen to others fervently and wholeheartedly. They make them feel that they are important. They work with all parties to create a solution and keep them informed throughout the process. A leader understands that others around them have potentially brilliant ideas. They continuously solicit input and feedback from them. When someone else has a valuable idea, a leader gives them credit. Adapt to Change A leader understands that situations change and are not afraid to change with them. They quickly assess any situation and adapt appropriately. They are not afraid to change their approach when something is not working. They will make subtle adjustments or scrap a plan entirely and start from scratch. A leader uses the resources they have available and makes them work in any situation. Understand Individual Strengths and Weaknesses A leader understands that it is the individual parts in a machine that keeps the entire machine running. They know which of those parts are fine-tuned, which are in need of a little repair, and which could potentially need to be replaced. A leader knows each teacher’s individual strengths and weaknesses. They show them how to use their strengths to make an impact on and create personal development plans to improve their weaknesses. A leader also evaluates the entire faculty as a whole and provides professional development and training in areas where improvement is needed. Makes Those Around You Better A leader works hard to make every teacher better. They encourage them to grow continuously and improve. They challenge their teachers, create goals, and provide ongoing support for them. They schedule meaningful professional development and training for their staff. A leader creates an atmosphere where distractions are minimized. They encourage their teachers to be positive, fun, and spontaneous. Admit When You Make a Mistake A leader strives for perfection with the understanding that they are not perfect. They know that they are going to make mistakes. When they do make a mistake, they own up to that mistake. A leader works hard to rectify any issues that arise as a result of a mistake. The most important thing that a leader learns from their mistake is that is it should not be repeated. Hold Others Accountable A leader does not allow others to get away with mediocrity. They hold them accountable for their actions and reprimand them when necessary. Everyone including students have specific jobs to do at school. A leader will ensure that everyone understands what is expected of them while they are at school. They create specific policies that address each situation and enforce them when they are broken. An Effective School Leader Makes Difficult Decisions Leaders are always under the microscope. They are praised for their school’s successes and scrutinized for their failures. A leader will make difficult decisions that can lead to scrutiny. They understand that not every decision is the same and even cases with similarities may need to be handled differently. They evaluate each student discipline case individually and listen to all sides. A leader works hard to help a teacher improve, but when the teacher refuses to cooperate, they terminate them. They make hundreds of decisions each day. A leader evaluates each one thoroughly and makes the decision they believe will be the most beneficial for the entire school.

The effectiveness of anti-social behavioural orders Essay

The effectiveness of anti-social behavioural orders - Essay Example The paper shall also address the concerns and challenges that ASBOs presents to law enforcement professionals and looks at possible improvements, if any that could be made to improve the effectiveness of these orders. As a prelude to the analysis, it may be imperative to understand the nature and scope of ASBOs. Introduced under the Crime and Disorder Act, 1998, ASBOs are designed to deal with anti-social behaviour perpetrated by individuals aged 10 years or above. An application for an ASBO may be made where it is alleged that a person or persons have acted "in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household"4 and includes a range of behaviour that put people in fear of crime. According to the U.K. Home Office, anti-social behaviour includes a range of problems, some examples5 being: An ASBO is essentially a civil order; however breach of the order re... The misuse of fireworks An ASBO is essentially a civil order; however breach of the order results in criminal proceedings and sanctions, including fine and imprisonment up to five years for adults. ASBOs are available to police and local authorities, as well as registered social landlords and British Transport Police (introduced by Police Reform Act, 2002) but not to members of the general public. Thus, police and local authorities can apply to a magistrates' court for an order to prohibit an individual from causing harassment, alarm or distress in a particular area. The ASBOs are community-based orders involving local people in the collection of evidence and in helping to monitor breaches. Lindsay Clarke explains that since ASBOs are accorded civil status, enabling both hearsay as well as professional witness evidence in ASBO applications, makes them more effective in protecting both the victims of anti-social behaviour as well as those reporting the behaviour.6 It is significant to note that while ASBOs were introduced as a fulfilment of the New Labour's undertaking in their 1997 election manifesto to create "community safety orders [that] will deal with threatening and disruptive criminal neighbours,"7 prior to it injunctions were used to deal with such behaviour8 under such legislations as Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Housing Act 1996, Environmental Protection Act 1990. The ASBOs are not intended to replace any existing legislation; they are seen as complementary measures available to the police and the local authority to combat anti-social behaviour. ASBOs essentially operate on the on the same principle as an injunction - prohibiting the offender from specific anti-social acts or entering defined areas through civil

Answering Question in Information Systems Essay

Answering Question in Information Systems - Essay Example With the high amount of transactions information technology is able to track each point of sale. This recorded information can then be implemented to support a company’s businesses processes in a variety of ways. For instance, the recognition that certain business hours have more robust sales can be used as a systematic input to schedule employees. The tracking of sales is not only important in terms of human resource functions, but also is important in terms of all business processes. Supply chain management is directly impacted through information technology, as the recording of sales can contribute to the organization properly ordering products and supplies to fit demand. Another significant impact of information technology can be witnessed in terms of advertising. A multitude of Internet organizations have emerged that target consumer’s specific purchasing tendencies; subsequently, this information technology can be implemented to customize advertisements to specifi c consumers. When data is expanded to include a variety of consumer tendencies, the importance of information technology is further enhanced. In this way information technology can link specific consumer demographics to specific purchasing patterns. ... 6. Crescent Health Care implemented a number of processes in updating their legacy systems. The extent that they followed closely the three steps outlined in the chapter is varying. Crescent Health Care’s first step was to identify existing legacy systems. In this way the organization identified all its systems and then determined which of these systems each legacy supported. To a large extent their actions in these regards followed those outlined in the chapter. Still, it seems that Crescent Health Care could have gone farther in its identification processes. The case study notes that the organization was often unable to determine the exact extent that the specific application would affect other applications, as they was no clear architecture that outlined these elements. In this way the organization could have gone further is detailing the specific underlining functions of each legacy component and recognize its function within the context of the entire system. Crescent Heal th Care also considered how their existing technology could be improved through using force.com services. In this way the organization generally followed the recommended first in that it considered how its system would be improved by the addition of new technology. The next action that Crescent Health Care engaged was working to understand the requirements for the new system. In this way it seems that the organization acted in an appropriately comprehensive fashion. Notably the organization determined that specific portions of their system could be transferred to the cloud while other portions of the system would resist such measures. Through understanding the

Short article about Glasgow School, Vienna Secession, & Werkbund Essay

Short article about Glasgow School, Vienna Secession, & Werkbund - Essay Example VanderVelde stated that it was important for an artist to have individual expression which favors handmade crafts. One of the main views of individuals that favored handmade crafts was that it enables the preservation of skills among the designers. On the other hand, taking an industrialized approach to crafts would eventually result in the loss of these traditional values. However, there is no denying the advantages that exist from machinery such as the precision in the design and accuracy of the fine detail. In addition, machines also provide the possibility to create designs faster. As mentioned above, the Werkbund was a group of individuals that believed in the combination of all aspects of art. I also share the same opinion as both handmade and machine made products have a role to play in the quality and appearance of the final product. However, I feel that machine made crafts have more advantages than handmade crafts. One of the individuals that prove this point is Peter Behrens who was one of the main contributors to the Arts movement in German. He was a firm believer of combining different aspects of art which gave his products an exceptional appearance and design. Behrens utilized different systems such as the grid and branding systems in his designs. In his views, architecture, furnishing and different objects were all coherent. Hence, this also illustrates the benefits of using different approaches towards creating a final product. As mentioned above, machine made crafts are more advantageous due to their accuracy and provide the designer with an accura te base that he or she can modify to improve the final products. However, many individuals that oppose industrialized design stated that it created repetitive and soulless end products. In addition, the machines took away the creativity and freedom that is associated with working with one’s hands. However, regardless of the criticism, many artists such as

Williams Syndrome A Genetic Disorder Psychology Essay

Williams Syndrome A Genetic Disorder Psychology Essay Williams Syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by a deletion of genes on chromosome seven. It is a rare disorder, occurring in about every 1 in 20,000 births and affects males and females equally. Small upturned nose, wide mouth, full lips, small wide-spaced teeth, a relatively low IQ, cardiovascular disease and an irregular cognitive profile are some classifications of Williams Syndrome. (Laing, Butterworth, Ansari, Gsodl, Longhi, Panagiotaki, et al., 2002). Many of the physical features of Williams Syndrome are due to the deletion of the gene elastin on chromosome seven. There are some aspects of language that appear to be intact for those with Williams Syndrome including social interaction, however, spatial language, number, planning and problem solving appear to be impaired in most individuals (Laing et al., 2002). Not all features of language are affected in children and adults with Williams Syndrome. Williams Syndrome has a characteristic language delay and there is evidence to suggest that language development follows an alternate pathway than what is seen in language development of a typical child (Laing et al., 2002). Laing et al. performed three experiments in order to assess joint attention, pointing and precision grips. The same children were used over the course of all three experiments and mental age of typically developing children was calculated to match those in the Williams Syndrome group. In the first experiment it was found that the children with Williams Syndrome performed atypically on tasks set to deduce the level of joint attention these children were providing. The second experiment administered was used to establish credibility findings of the first experiment. The researchers are observing if the children with Williams Syndrome can establish reference and therefore test t heir ability to point in response to specific stimuli. Laing et al. found that children with Williams Syndrome produced few pointing behaviors. The third experiment determined if the reason for the difference in pointing between the control group and the Williams Syndrome group was due to impaired motor skills. This was found to not be an issue as the children with Williams Syndrome and those in the control group were relatively similar in their motor skills. These issues in joint attention are thought to be part of the reason there is a language delay among children with Williams Syndrome as joint attention and pointing are both critical in language development (Laing et al., 2002). A study performed by Mervis and John (2008) was designed to tests strengths and weaknesses of children with Williams Syndrome with their vocabulary abilities. Mervis and John performed three experiments in order to determine the specific strengths and weaknesses in abilities of Williams Syndrome children in relation to vocabulary. The first experiment used the following standardized tests; the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (vocabulary and matrices) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-third edition (concrete vocabulary, including object names, action words, and descriptors) and the Test of Relational Concepts (conceptual/relational language). The first experiment compared typically developing children against Williams Syndrome children in two assessments of vocabulary: concrete vocabulary and conceptual/relational vocabulary. Mervis and John found that the Williams Syndrome group performed better on concrete vocabulary than conceptual/relational vocabulary. Even though the scores fo r children on concrete vocabulary were high for children with Williams Syndrome, performance on these tests showed signs that even this area of language is not completely undamaged. The second experiment took the results of the first three standardized tests and included the Differential Ability Scales Pattern Construction subtest. Mervis and John examined the relation between conceptual/relational language comparative of visuospatial construction. The children with Williams syndrome performed better on tests related to conceptual/relational language as compared to scores on the visuospatial construction tasks. Mervis and John (2008) note that Williams Syndrome is distinguished by strengths and weaknesses within the vocabulary element of language. The third experiment used the formulated sentences subtest on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-fourth edition (CELF-4), in order to evaluate a variety of relational concepts. This experiment measured the knowledge of some m ore evolved relational concepts using the CELF-4. It was concluded that not all, but most children with Williams Syndrome have difficulty in simple relational words and it encompasses both relational terms meant to link two words or short phrase and also to relational terms meant to connect simple sentences into one complex sentence (Mervis and John, 2008). Mervis and John determined that children with Williams Syndrome do seem to have strength in vocabulary in general but rather concrete vocabulary. Laing and Jarrold (2007) sought to determine the spatial language skills of children with Williams Syndrome as compared to typically developing children. While noting that some aspects of language are usually intact for children with Williams Syndrome, spatial skills and non-verbal skills are usually the most impaired. In this experiment, the sample included 17 children with Williams Syndrome and 17 children that were classified as typically developing. There were several tests administered: Picture matching tasks, semantic picture matching, Spatial picture matching, grammatical knowledge task, perception task, naming task, and animal knowledge task. The test was given on a computer that displayed 4 pictures at the same time. There was a target sentence presented for each trial, which appeared on the screen and changed depending on the task. Results found that the Williams Syndrome group and the typically developing group performed with no significant differences on any measure excep t perception scores. There was also found to be a significant difference between the groups on the spatial picture-matching task. Due to the problems with understanding the semantics of spatial skills, it was hypothesized that this lends to problems in language processing in general (Laing Jarrold, 2007). For those with Williams Syndrome, there may be a great effort to form appropriate spatial mental models that may form the foundation for the production and comprehension of verbal descriptions of space (Laing Jarrold, 2007). Research performed by Laws and Bishop (2004) studied social communication, which is normally thought of as a relative strength for the Williams Syndrome population. Laws and Bishop performed a study on the different pragmatic facets of language. Groups of 19 children with Williams Syndrome, 24 with Downs Syndrome, 17 with specific language impairment and 32 typically developing children were studied. The Childrens Communication Checklist (CCC) was used in order to obtain data on social interaction for these four groups. On the checklist, there are two subscales that describe speech production: speech output and syntax. There are five subscales that describe the childs communication behaviors: inappropriate initiation, coherence, stereotyped conversation, use of conversational context conversational rapport. Two more subscales assess aspects of development: social relationships and interests. The raters were asked to respond to these items and rate them on a scale of four possibilitie s: does not apply, applies somewhat, definitely applies and unable to judge (Laws Bishop). When analyzed, experimenters found that individuals with Williams Syndrome had pragmatic impairments. The areas that were found to be the most impacted were the inappropriate initiation of conversation and the use of stereotyped conversation (Laws Bishop, 2004). The children do however have very strong expressive language skills and tend to be very social individuals (Laws Bishop, 2004). Since Williams Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder occurring in every 1 in 20,000 live births more information is needed regarding their communicative abilities. There is evidence to suggest that their language delay is due information traveling through a different pathway than with typically developing children. Spatial language is also a problem that with intervention can be improved along with conceptual and relational vocabulary. Pragmatic language is an issue, however the Williams Syndrome population tends to be overly friendly and very strong expressively. It was found that as these issues seem to dissipate in adulthood as well as the Williams Syndrome population, depending on the severity level, these children can live independently or with support.

Earworm :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Earworm: The Song That Won't Leave Your Head I woke up and I was mortified. It was the first thing in my mind when I opened my eyes and I just could not believe this silly little thing had become as involuntary as breathing. I tried another song, but it would come back without me realizing it. I walked to work and it came with me, I sat in class and it spoke louder that my professor's voice, I even took a nap and it kept me awake. I had a stupid song stuck in my head and it wouldn't go away. What is it that happens in the brain that causes this annoyance to go on for days? And why does it remain in the head even when it's driving us so crazy that we want to scream in pain? According to research done by Professor James Kellaris at the University of Cincinnati, (1) getting songs stuck in our heads happens to most if not all of us. His theory shows that certain songs create a sort of "cognitive itch" - the mental equivalent of an itchy back. So, the only way to 'scratch' a cognitive itch is to rehearse the responsible tune mentally. The process may start involuntarily, as the brain detects an incongruity or something "exceptional" in the musical stimulus. The ensuing mental repetition may exacerbate the "itch," such that the mental rehearsal becomes largely involuntary, and the individual feels trapped in a cycle from which they seem unable to escape. But why does this happen? Apparently, repetition, musical simplicity and incongruity are partly responsible for the annoyance. (2) A repeated phrase, motif or sequence might be suggestive of the very act of repetition itself, such that the brain echoes the pattern automatically as the musical information is processed. Still, simpler songs appear more likely to make your brain itch, - like Barnny's "I love you, you love me" tune - but at the same time a song that does something unexpected can cause the brain to latch on because of whatever unconscious cognitive incident occurred at that very moment. These traits of simplicity, repetition and circular composition1 are potent because we don't remember songs as one complete image, like a picture, but as temporal sequences that unfold in our brains. (3) In other words, we don't "see" an entire song in our head; instead, one image (or line in a song) triggers the subsequent one.

Collective bargaining

Eighty five percent of renegotiation strikes are attributed to economics. Question 6 5 out Of 5 points Where represented employees cross picket lines, the union's bargaining power is decreased because their crossing increases the employer's ability to operate. True Question 7 In a slowdown, employees can seldom be disciplined because they are complying with the contract Question 8 In a single-employer negotiation, there is a dire need to defend against a whipsaw. False Question 9 Private sector fact finders are not very successful on distributive bargaining Issues. Question 10IS called after a contract expires and usually after there is an impasse to pressure the employer to settle on the union's terms. An economic strike Question 11 A slowdown most often involves working to rules. Question 12 strikes most frequently involve plant administration issues and generally last three days or less. Wildcat Question 13 Under the Taft-Hartley Act, if the parties are at an impasse and the contr act has expired, in most circumstances the union is free to strike and the employer is free to lock out employees. Question 14 Sometimes the objects of a strike move from place to place, such as a ship Ewing struck by a seafarers union.Which type of picketing is likely in such situations? Ambulatory site Question 15 An initiative explores a company's business activity to uncover possible regulatory violations, tries to identify closely linked corporations, and analyzes its financial statements. The second phase involves publicizing items detrimental to the employer's interests that support the union's demands. What is this initiative an example of? Corporate campaign Question 16 Which of the following firms might find it feasible to continue to operate using supervisors and other nonproductive workers?A firm with continuous flow operations Question 17 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service mediators almost always have prior experience in negotiating contracts from the management perspective. Question 18 According to a study, mediation strategies most often cited by unions as hastening settlement included devising an improved negotiating framework. Question 19 Why are mediators unlikely to influence the direction of the outcome? Because their concern is not what either party achieves. Question 20 Which of the following observations concerning boycotts is true? Boycotts are seldom used. TEST 05 Results DisplayedSubmitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions Where strikes are banned, grievance rates are higher, particularly on economic issues. Public sector labor relations are similar across the 50 states. Duty-to-bargain laws substantially increase unionization beyond other public policy measures favorable to public sector unions. A study of firefighters' negotiations found that several factors predicted positive union outcomes. Which of these factors reflects multilateral bargaining? Elected official intervention at impasse What is the relationship betwe en the costs of arbitration and the likelihood of parties negotiating their own settlement? Collective Bargaining Granville contract is due to expire soon. Therefore, we will be negotiating a new contract for the plant employees. We plan to get a commitment from the management for a strong contract comparable to the hard work done by our brothers and sisters In Granville. Our task at hand may be difficult due to the Introductory of a new plant, and technology, but, we shall persevere. The economy Is year. We would like to get our goals accomplished by working together with management through compromise and aligning our contract along with the business strategy.But, if there is a failure to reach a compromise, we will use the leverages of work slow-down, strike, and boycott. We plan to strive for better wages, dual control of technological and location change, pension increase, and the approval of the SUB plan. We have worked diligently for competitive contracts In the past and a better life for all employees nation wide. Lobbying with Congress through our affiliate unions, we have made considera ble strides for all employees throughout the nation. This Includes the Family Leave Act, which granted the rights of employees to take time off to spend with a new child or sick family member.We have also worked toward the initiation of the unfair Labor Act, which granted employees the ability to bring litigation against unlawful discharge of employment. Wages Our first major issue is wages. The employees of Granville have stressed the need to have a considerable wage increase, due to the ever increasing cost of living and need for alignment with industry standards. We will strive for a competitive wage and cost of living Increase that will give the employees as larger pay scale to be accessed. As of now, 75% of our workforce is at the top of the pay scale with marginal cost of living Increases annually.We would like a major change In this area. Technology Our second major Issue Is Installation of new technology. The employees have concerns about being displaced due to new equipment being used at the Newton plant. There is not yet an official decision to move equipment or employees to that plant as of yet, but it could cause a decline in the number employed at Granville. We plan to ask the company for more specific information on their plans for the technological investments. If the equipment shall be used at Granville, we do not want any displacement, and will strive for cross-training of all skilled and semi-skilled employees.Layoffs Third, there is concern for layoffs if the technological investment affects the number employed at Granville. We will make every effort to gain approval of the SUB plan. This will allow employees knowledge of the plant downsizing or closure. It will also provide them with adequate compensation for being discharged. Employees are willing to take a $. 25 tradeoff If It Is approved. Retirement Benefits Forth, the older workers are especially concerned with this area. A 75% of pay at the will strive for these benefits due to the dec line of the Social Security system in our economy.Our employees need this demand granted for the protection of their senior years. Employees are willing to acquiesce too $. 35 trade-off for increased retirement benefits. Working Conditions Lastly, the health plan, vacation, and holidays will be reviewed as possible trade-offs with management. These items will add to the living conditions of the Granville employees. The highest possible gains possible in negotiation will be sought. And in conclusion, we feel that dual participation with management is very important. A successful agreement can be reached through mutuality and compromise among OTOH parties. Collective bargaining Eighty five percent of renegotiation strikes are attributed to economics. Question 6 5 out Of 5 points Where represented employees cross picket lines, the union's bargaining power is decreased because their crossing increases the employer's ability to operate. True Question 7 In a slowdown, employees can seldom be disciplined because they are complying with the contract Question 8 In a single-employer negotiation, there is a dire need to defend against a whipsaw. False Question 9 Private sector fact finders are not very successful on distributive bargaining Issues. Question 10IS called after a contract expires and usually after there is an impasse to pressure the employer to settle on the union's terms. An economic strike Question 11 A slowdown most often involves working to rules. Question 12 strikes most frequently involve plant administration issues and generally last three days or less. Wildcat Question 13 Under the Taft-Hartley Act, if the parties are at an impasse and the contr act has expired, in most circumstances the union is free to strike and the employer is free to lock out employees. Question 14 Sometimes the objects of a strike move from place to place, such as a ship Ewing struck by a seafarers union.Which type of picketing is likely in such situations? Ambulatory site Question 15 An initiative explores a company's business activity to uncover possible regulatory violations, tries to identify closely linked corporations, and analyzes its financial statements. The second phase involves publicizing items detrimental to the employer's interests that support the union's demands. What is this initiative an example of? Corporate campaign Question 16 Which of the following firms might find it feasible to continue to operate using supervisors and other nonproductive workers?A firm with continuous flow operations Question 17 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service mediators almost always have prior experience in negotiating contracts from the management perspective. Question 18 According to a study, mediation strategies most often cited by unions as hastening settlement included devising an improved negotiating framework. Question 19 Why are mediators unlikely to influence the direction of the outcome? Because their concern is not what either party achieves. Question 20 Which of the following observations concerning boycotts is true? Boycotts are seldom used. TEST 05 Results DisplayedSubmitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions Where strikes are banned, grievance rates are higher, particularly on economic issues. Public sector labor relations are similar across the 50 states. Duty-to-bargain laws substantially increase unionization beyond other public policy measures favorable to public sector unions. A study of firefighters' negotiations found that several factors predicted positive union outcomes. Which of these factors reflects multilateral bargaining? Elected official intervention at impasse What is the relationship betwe en the costs of arbitration and the likelihood of parties negotiating their own settlement?

Scirr

On top of the colorful clouds, lays a peaceful palace – a wonderland. A mysterious man glances down at the magic mud; as he moves his huge hand on top of the mud, a fragile figure slowly appears. In a few seconds, as he claps his hands, snaps his fingers, stomps his feet, a-bunch of innocent immaculate lives were created. â€Å" You,† he pointed at the clumsy cow, â€Å" you have to work every day and night and you may only eat green grass. I announce, you will own 50 years of life. † He said in a gentle voice as he hands the cow a red rose with 50 plump petals.The clumsy cow slowly lifted up â€Å"Dear mighty God, if I can only work and not enjoy life, I would rather live for 20 years. † and the clumsy cow pick 30 plump petals from the rose and throws them in the air. The man nods his head, and the cow moss as she leaves. â€Å" You, sir,† he pointed at the mocking monkey â€Å" you have to perform for people and be a clown. I announce, you will h ave 40 years life. † He said in a sympathetic voice, and he handed the mocking monkey a red rose with 40 plump petals. The mocking monkey shouts â€Å" I only want 10 years of life and bye. † The monkey picks 30 plump petals as he jump and leaves the room.The man smiles helplessly and turns to the last creation. â€Å" you, my lovely baby boy, you only need to sleep, to play, to have fun; you will have 10 years to enjoy your life. † The man smiles with love in his eyes and he hands the boy a red rose with 10 plumps petals. The baby boy cheers and dances. A thought creeps into his unspoiled mind. â€Å" My Lord 10 years is not enough to enjoy life, I heard the clumsy cow gave you 30 years back and so did the mocking monkey,† he said innocently with his blinking eyes. â€Å" If you love me, give me those 60 years so I may completely enjoy my life. The man shakes his head and says, â€Å" Whatever you like my child, however, don’t regret. † God summons the fallen flowers and reunites the plump petals to the sweet stem. As time goes by , the baby boy has fun for his first 10 years of his life, works to death for the following 30 years and ends his life with entreating other for 30 more years. The bot views of the world changes as he goes through different stages of his life. He earns his epiphany as he slowly passes away and finally realizes the goodness around him. The boy closed his tired eyes with a angel-like smile on his face as the last petals on the rose slowly fall to the ground.